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SUMMARY - 14003_243
APPENDIX I GLOSSARY-Cont. - 14003_246

Aviation Boatswains Mate F - Aviation theories and other practices
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APPENDIX I GLOSSARY ABRASION— Wearing away of a surface by friction, either by motion while in contact with another part, or by mechanical cleaning or resurfacing with abra- sive cloth or compound. ADDITIVES— Chemicals added in minor proportions to fuels or lubricants to create, enhance, or inhibit selected properties; for example, fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII). ADHESIVE— Sticky or tenacious; glue. AMBIENT— Encompassing on all sides, as tempera- ture. AMMETER— Electrical instrument for measuring the flow of current. ANODE— The positively charged electrode of an elec- trolytic cell. ANSI— Abbreviation for American National Standards Institute. ANTIFREEZE— A substance having a low freezing point, usually used to inhibit freezing of cooling system fluids in engines. API— Abbreviation for American Petroleum Institute. API GRAVITY— Petroleum industry scale for meas- uring the density of oils, adopted by the American Petroleum Institute. ARC— A luminous, electrical discharge across a gap in a circuit or two electrodes, as in arc welding. ASTM— Abbreviation for the American Society for Testing Materials. AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE— The tempera- ture at which a substance will ignite without further addition of energy (heat, spark, or flame) from an outside source. AVGAS— Common term for aviation gasoline. BALLAST— Water, usually salt water, earned in cargo tanks when free of petroleum products to reduce buoyancy and improve stability and sea-keeping qualities. Ballast may be clean or dirty, depending on whether it is contaminated with petroleum prod- ucts. BARREL— Measure of volume as used in the petro- leum industry, equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons. BLACK OIL— general term applied to crude oil and the heavier and the darker colored petroleum prod- ucts such as residual fuel oils. BONDING— See GROUND. BOOM— Flexible floating barrier consisting of linked segments designed to contain free oil on the surface of a body of water. BOOSTER PUMP— Pump installed along the run of a long pipeline to increase (boost) the pressure. BOTTOM LOADING— Method of filling tank trucks or tank cars through a leakproof connection at the bottom. BREAKAWAY COUPLING— Coupling designed to part easily with a moderate pull. BREATHING— The movement of vapors in and out of the vent lines of storage tanks because of natural heating or cooling. BS&W— Common abbreviation for bottom sediment and water; a test made on some heavier petroleum products to show the approximate amount of sedi- ment and water. Btu— Abbreviation for British thermal unit, a unit of heat commonly used in heat engineering. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. BULK STORAGE TANK— A fixed tank used to re- ceive, store, and issue fuel for further transporta- tion, storage, handling, or treatment before it reaches art operating tank. CALIBILITION— Adjustment of the scale of a gradu- ated device (such as a pressure gage) to meet an established standard. COz— Chemical notation for carbon dioxide, a heavy, colorless gas that will not support combustion. It is used for fighting small fires and in protection sys- tems in MOGAS and JP-5 spaces aboard ship. CATHODE— The negatively charged electrode of an electrolytic cell. AI-1







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