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TYPES OF SUBMARINES - 14244_282
Figure 13-26.Appearance groups - 14244_284

Signalman 3 & 2 - Aviation theories and other practices
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Attack Submarines Attack submarines (SS and SSN) are used primarily against shipping, both surface and subsurface. These submarines are designed for speed and maneuverability. Attack submarines use torpedo tubes, usually located forward and aft, to launch torpedoes, mines, and missiles. Cruise Missile Submarines Cruise missile submarines (SSG and SSGN) are designed primarily to attack surface ships. Their armament usually consists of surface-to-surface antiship missiles, torpedoes, and mines. Ballistic Missile Submarines Ballistic missile submarines (SSB and SSBN) are probably the most notorious of all submarines. Ballistic missile submarines usually maintain constant patrols that place their long-range surface-to-surface missiles within range of intended targets, such as major military and industrial installations. MERCHANT SHIP IDENTIFICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Explain the procedures for the identification of merchant ships, including appearance groups, hull types, and sequence of uprights. As a Signalman, you must be able to identify and report the various types of merchant ships. The purpose of this section is to acquaint you with the primary identification features unique to merchant ships. The two primary publications that will help you in your identification of merchant ships are Merchant Marine Identification Guide—World and the Communist Merchant Marine Identification Guide. Any system used for identifying and reporting merchant ships during peacetime must be adaptable to wartime as well. Such ordinary aids to identification as stack markings, hull and superstructure paint combinations, striping, and house flags (all of which are of great assistance in peacetime identification) are easily camouflaged or painted over. Consequently, we must rely on those physical characteristics that are readily seen and difficult to alter or disguise. IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES To identify a merchant ship, you must classify it by appearance group, hull type, and upright sequence. The appearance group is determined by the size, shape, and location of the superstructure. The hull type is determined by the shape of the hull and the number and location of islands. The upright sequence includes the identification and location of the masts, gantries, king posts, cranes, and funnels. Using these features and consulting Merchant Marine Identification Guide—World and Communist Merchant Marine Identification Guide, you can identify a merchant ship quickly and accurately. APPEARANCE GROUP The size, shape, and location of the superstructure on merchant ships depend on the functions of the ship. This identification feature is used to place the ship in one of three appearance groups (fig. 13-26.) Group 1 Group 1 is the large superstructure appearance group. The superstructure exceeds one-third the overall length of the ship. Passenger ships generally belong in this group. Group 2 Group 2 is the composite superstructure. The composite superstructure is located amidships and is less than one-third the overall length. These ships generally have a small blocklike superstructure with deck spaces devoted to cargo-handling equipment and hatches. Group 3 Group 3 is stack aft. Stack aft means ships with funnels located within the after-third of the ship. However, if the superstructure exceeds one-third the overall length, the ship will be in appearance group 1. HULL TYPE Ships in appearance group 1 are placed under hull type 1. The determination of hull type for ships in appearance groups 2 and 3 is based on hull profile. Table 13-1 is a matrix of hull profiles and appearance groups that reflects hull-type numbers. 13-19







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