The identification of hazard tape shows the hazard associated with the contents of the line. Tapes used to show hazards are approximately 1/2-inch wide, with the abbreviation of the hazard associated with the fluid in the line printed across the tape. There are four general classes of hazards found in connection with fluid lines. ·  Flammable material (FLAM). The hazard marking FLAM is used to identify all materials known as flammables or combustibles. ·  Toxic and poisonous materials (TOXIC). A line identified by the word TOXIC contains materials that are extremely hazardous to life or health. ·  Anesthetics and harmful materials (AAHM). All materials that produce anesthetic vapors and all liquid chemicals and compounds that are hazardous to life and property. ·  Physically dangerous materials (PHDAN). A line that carries material that is asphyxiating in confined areas or is under a dangerous physical state of pressure or temperature. For example, the line shown in figure 12-13 is marked PHDAN because the compressed air is under a pressure of 3,000 psi. Table 12-1.—Hazards Associated With Various Fluids and Gases CONTENT HAZARD Air (under pressure) PHDAN Alcohol FLAM Carbon dioxide PHDAN Freon PHDAN Gaseous oxygen PHDAN Liquid nitrogen PHDAN Liquid oxygen PHDAN LPG (liquid petroleum gas) FLAM Nitrogen gas PHDAN Oils and greases FLAM JP-5 FLAM Trichloroethylene AAHM Q12-13. What aviation jet fuel is prohibited for use aboard ship due to its "flash point"? Q12-14. What is the preferred fire-fighting agent used to cool an overheated battery in the absence of flame or fire? Q12-15. What is the purpose of functional identifica- tion tape? AIRCRAFT FIRE-FIGHTING TACTICS LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize the various fire-fighting techniques based upon the existing emergency conditions. Aircraft fire-fighting, crash, and rescue techniques are well defined, but no two fire situations will be identical. Success will continue to depend on training, planning, leadership, and teamwork by both ship's company and air wing personnel. Supervisory personnel, fire parties, and squadron personnel should take advantage of every opportunity to drill and acquire knowledge of fixed and mobile fire-fighting equipment available to them. All personnel should become familiar with aircraft configuration, fuel load, weapons load, and fire-fighting techniques of assigned aircraft. The following text discusses procedures recommended for training purposes. ACCESSORY SECTION, COMPRESSOR COMPARTMENT, OR ENGINE COMPARTMENT OF JET FIXED-WING AND ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT CAUTION When AFFF is used as the fire suppression agent on an aircraft fire and the agent is directed at or ingested into the engine or accessory sections, the fire chief or senior fire official must notify the maintenance officer of the unit involved or, in the case of a transient aircraft, the supporting facility. Fires in the accessory section, compressor compartment, or engine compartment of jet aircraft result from fuel being introduced into the area between the engine and fuselage, or between the engine and nacelle on engines carried in pods that come into contact with the heat generated by the engine.  You must be familiar with these areas to be able to properly apply extinguishing agents. (For more information, refer to NATOPS, U.S. Navy Aircraft Emergency Rescue Information Manual, NAVAIR 00-80R-14-1.) 12-18