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Figure 1-20.File information
Figure 1-22.Polishing operations

Aviation Boatswains Mate E - Aviation theories and other practices
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SQUARE files are tapered on all four sides and are used to enlarge rectangular-shaped holes and slots. ROUND files serve the same purpose for round openings. Small round files are often called "rattail" files. The HALF ROUND file is a general-purpose tool. The rounded side is used for curved surfaces, and the flat face on flat surfaces. When you file an inside curve, use a round or half-round file whose curve most nearly matches the curve of the work. Kits  of  small  files,  often  called  "swiss  pattern"  or "jewelers'"   files,   are   used   to   fit   parts   of   delicate mechanisms and for filing work on instruments. Handle these small files carefully because they break easily. Filing Operations Using    a    file    is    an    operation    that    is    nearly indispensable  when  working  with  metal.  You  may  be crossfiling,   drawfiling,   using   a   file   card,   or   even polishing metal. Let's examine these operations. When  you  have  finished  using  a  file,  it  may  be necessary to use an abrasive cloth or paper to finish the product. Whether this is necessary depends on how fine a finish you want on the work. CROSSFILING.—Figure  1-21,  view  A,  shows  a piece of mild steel being crossfiled. This means that the file  is  being  moved  across  the  surface  of  the  work  in approximately  a  crosswise  direction.  For  best  results, keep  your  feet  spread  apart  to  steady  yourself  as  you file with slow, full-length, steady strokes. The file cuts as  you  push  it—ease  up  on  the  return  stroke  to  keep from dulling the teeth. Keep your file clean. View  B  shows  the  alternate  positions  of  the  file when  an  exceptionally  flat  surface  is  required.  Using either position first, file across the entire length of the stock.  Then,  using  the  other  position,  file  across  the entire length of the stock again. Because the teeth of the file   pass   over   the   surface   of   the   stock   from   two directions, the high spots and low spots will readily be visible  after  filing  in  both  positions.  Continue  filing first in one position or direction and then the other until 1-15 Figure 1-21.—Filing operations.







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