During night operations, the plane director uses two lighted taxi guidance wands (fig. 10-5) in giving handling signals. During night flight operations, only the prescribed signal wands may be used, and then only by authorized personnel. The wands are different colors and/or shapes for the personnel designated to use them. The different colors and/or shapes of the cones on the wands are a safety factor. The colors/shapes prevent personnel from misinterpreting a signal that could cause damage to the aircraft or injury to personnel. Table 10-2 lists the personnel authorized to use wands by wand color, the number of wands, and the type. Other personnel that are involved in night flight operations must use a standard flashlight with a red filter. Wands are used at night in the same way that hands are used for day signaling. Night signals that differ from day signals are also shown in figure 10-4. In operations requiring taxiing of aircraft, directors are usually stationed at intervals of 50 to 100 feet along the flight deck. The director must be in a position that will give the pilot an unobstructed view of the signals. The usual stance of an experienced director ready to take over control of an aircraft is with one arm high overhead and palm inward. This not only aids the pilot in recognizing the director, but it also puts the director in a position to render practically any taxi signal with a minimum of movement. The director retains control of the aircraft only while it is in his control area. He then passes control to the next director in line on the deck. For more information on aircraft hand signals refer to NAVAIR-00-80T-113, Aircraft Signals NATOPS Manual. Q10-7. What  hand  signal  is  mandatory  when directing fixed-wing aircraft? Q10-8. When taxiing aircraft, directors are usually stationed at what intervals of distance along the flight deck? SECURING AIRCRAFT ABOARD CARRIERS LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize the importance of securing aircraft and support equipment, the weather conditions that affect securing arrangements, and the aircraft handling accessories required. In general, securing aircraft and mobile support equipment is relative on all naval aviation ships. CV/(N) carriers embark mostly fixed-wing jet, turboprop, and helicopter aircraft. LHD, LHA, LPH, and LPD class amphibious assault ships embark vertical short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft, such as the V-22 Osprey, AV-8 Harrier, and a variety of helicopters. This section does not differentiate between the different types of ships. The importance of properly securing and handling aircraft and mobile support equipment (SE) aboard carriers cannot be overstressed. It is of the utmost importance that they are secured in a manner that prevents fore and aft and athwartship (side to side) movement. The reasons for this are threefold: 1. The pitch and roll of the ship, caused by heavy seas. 2. The list of the ship, caused by maneuvering, particularly when making high-speed turns. 3. Aircraft are parked on the flight and hangar decks with a minimum of clearance between them. Adjustable chock assemblies are used to block the main landing gear of all aircraft and wheels on support equipment. The chocks should be in position at all times when the aircraft is not being moved and support 10-26 TAPE TAPE TAPE DIFFUSER DIFFUSER BULB TYPE “C” DRY CELLS FILTER ASSEMBLY (COLOR AS REQUIRED) WAND CASE ASSEMBLY WAND CASE ASSEMBLY STUBBY STANDARD ANf1005 Figure 10-5.—Taxi guidance wand.