also be due to the geographical location of shore-based, ammunition-handling facilities. For example, an aircraft carrier may be docked in Norfolk, Virginia, and the activity receiving or issuing the ammunition maybe located in Charleston, South Carolina. In this situation, the most practical method would be to locate the aircraft carrier at a designated explosive anchorage (commonly called whiskey anchorage) and transport the ordnance by lighters and/or barges. The transfer of ammunition between the ship and the lighters/barges is normally accomplished by the use of a floating crane. Even though a ship is located at an explosive anchorage, transferring ammunition is restricted to daylight hours. Normally, the ship remains at anchorage until the entire evolution is completed, which may vary from 1 to 5 days. TRANSFER OF AMMUNITION AT SEA.— The transfer of ammunition at sea (underway) presents problems not met by pier-side or anchorage operations. Normally, replenishment at sea involves the transfer of fuel, supplies, stores, and ammunition simultaneously. Obviously, available deck space, available handling equipment, and manpower are used to the maximum efficiency. Every detail of the entire operation is preplanned and coordinated between the departments involved within the ship and the individuals within the departments. The transfer of ammunition at sea is accomplished by conventional replenishment (CONREP) and/or vertical replenishment (VERTREP) methods. The CONREP method consists basically of a steel cable rigged between the supply ship and the receiving ship at the hangar-decklevel. These points of contact are called “conning stations,” and there may be more than one conning station in operation at the same time. Cargo is attached to the cable by using approved handling equipment and conveyed from one ship to the other. The AO is only responsible for ammunition items. You position each ammunition load at the conning station for transfer. As the ammunition loads are received at the conning station, you move the load to a designated staging area until it is struck below. The operation of conning equipment is normally performed by the ship’s deck department. In the VERTREP method, helicopters using slings and/or cargo nets transfer the ammunition to or from the supply ship. VERTREP operations are conducted on the flight deck. Aviation ordnancemen are responsible for handling all ammunition and preparing and positioning empty slings and ammunition details for transfer to the supply ship. Ammunition is transferred from the flight deck to the hangar deck by a designated aircraft elevator. This elevator is normally on the port side when CONREP and VERTREP operations are being conducted simultaneously. Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. REVIEW NUMBER 4 The weapons staging area on the flight deck, located between the island and the starboard catwalks, is known as the . Under what conditions is a pier-side weapons movement of ammunition loaded onto an aircraft carrier? List the methods used to transfer ammunition at sea. When VERTREP is being used to transfer ammunition between ships, transfer is accomplished by . HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO) LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize HERO classification standards. Identify HERO hazards. Identify the uses of the emission control (EMCON) bill. The functional characteristics of electrically initiated ordnance cause hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO). Ordnance that presents a HERO problem include cartridges, cartridge-actuated devices, and 20-mm ammunition. The ordnance electroexplosive devices (EEDs) may be accidentally initiated or their performance degraded by exposure to radio frequency (RF) environments. Ordnance is more susceptible to RF environments during assembly, disassembly, handling, loading, and unloading operations. The term RADHAZ (radiation hazards) applies to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of sufficient intensity to produce harmful biological effects in humans, and/or cause spark ignition of volatile combustibles or actuate electroexplosive devices. Although the effects of RADHAZ are important, this chapter limits discussion to HERO hazards. 11-31