The signal L 2330 would be hoisted as follows: L 2 3 SECOND SUBSTITUTE 0 In this case, the SECOND SUBSTITUTE follows a numeral pennant and, therefore, can only repeat the second numeral in the group. No substitute may be used more than once in the same group. For example, the signal AABA would be A FIRST SUBSTITUTE B SECOND SUBSTITUTE The FIRST SUBSTITUTE, used to repeat the first A, cannot be used again. But, having been used it is equivalent to having hoisted A as the second flag. Consequently, it is the second flag that is required to be repeated as the last flag of the group. Hence, the SECOND SUBSTITUTE is used. When the ANSWER pennant is used as a decimal point, it is disregarded in determining the substitute to CS use. Plain Language Names in the text of a signal are spelled out by means of alphabet flags. The signal YZ—"The words which follow are in plain language"—can be used, if necessary. FLASHING LIGHT SIGNALING A signal made by a flashing light is divided into the following parts: 1. RPT 2. WB 3. Call—Consists of the general call or identity signal of the station to be called. It is answered with the answering signal. Identity —Transmitting station makes DE followed by its identity signal or name. This is repeated back by the receiving station, which then signals its own identity signal or name. This also is repeated back by the transmitting station. Text—Consists of plain language or Code groups. When Code groups are to be used, they should be preceded by the signal YU. Words of plain language may also be in the text when the signal includes names, places, and so on. Receipt of each word or group is acknowledged by T. 4. Ending—Consists of ending signal AR, which is answered by R. If the entire text is in plain language, the same procedure is followed. Call and identity may be omitted when two stations have established communications and have already exchanged signals. Use of Procedure Signals and Signs The following is the list of procedure signals for flashing light transmissions. AA AB AR AS BN C DE K NO OK RQ R WA “All after...“(used after the “repeat signal” (RPT)) means “Repeat all after....” “All before...“(used after the “repeat signal” (RPT)) means “Repeat all before....” Ending signal or end of transmission or signal. Waiting signal or period. “All between...and...” (used after the “Repeat signal” (RPT)) means “Repeat all between...and....” Affirmative—YES or “The significance of the previous group should be read in the affirmative." “What is tbe name or identity signal of your vessel (or station)?” “From...” (used to precede the name or identity signal of the calling station.) “I wish to communicate with you” or “Invitation to transmit.” Negative—NO or “The significance of the previous group should be read in tbe negative.” When used in voice transmission the pronunciation should be “NO.” Acknowledging a correct repetition or “It is correct.” Interrogative or “The significance of the previous group should be read as a question.” “Received” or “I have received your last signal.” Repeat signal “I repeat” or “Repeat what you have sent” or “Repeat what you have received.” “Word or group after...“(used after the "Repeat signal” (RPT)) means “Repeat word or group after....” "Word or group before..." (used after the "Repeat signal" (RPT)) means “Repeat word or group before...." Although the use of these signals is self- explanatory, the following notes might be found useful: 6-6