exceptionally grave damage to the national security, such as the following: An armed attack against the United States or its Allies The compromise of military or defense plans, intelligence operations, or scientific or technological developments vital to the national defense Disruption of foreign relations vitally affecting the national security SECRET Secret is the designation applied only to information the unauthorized disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the national security, such as the following: Jeopardizing the international relations of the United States Endangering the effectiveness of a program or policy of vital importance to the national defense Compromising important military or defense plans, or scientific or technological developments important to national security Revealing important intelligence operations CONFIDENTIAL Confidential is the designation applied only to information the unauthorized disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to cause identifiable damage to the national security, such as the following: Information that reveals strength of our land, air, or naval forces in the United States and overseas areas Documents and manuals containing technical information used for training, maintenance, and inspection of classified munitions of war Research, development, production, and procurement of munitions of war MARKING Classified material will be physically marked, annotated, or identified by means as prescribed in this section. The purpose of marking classified material is to inform the holder of the classification level and the degree of protection required, and to assist in extracting, paraphrasing, and downgrading and declassification actions. Therefore, all classified material must be marked in a manner that leaves no doubt about the level of classification assigned to the material. Marking Requirenents Marking requirements and the application of the markings vary depending on the kind of material. The following markings are required for all classified material: Originally classified material The identity of the original classification authority The agency or office of origin Declassification date The overall classification Any downgrading instructions Derivatively classified material The source of classification The agency and office of origin The overall classification Declassification date Downgrading actions Publication Markings The basic markings will be placed on the front of the publication. The overall classification will be placed at the top and bottom center of the front cover, title page, and first page. Downgrading and declassification instructions appear only on the face of the publication. A back cover is not required; if used, the overall classification is placed at the top and bottom center. The classification of each interior page (except blank pages) of a publication will be marked at the top and bottom center of the page. Normally, the overall classification of the publication is used. The marking of each interior page with the highest classification it contains, to include UNCLASSIFIED, is permissible. When marked in this manner, and the page is printed on the front and back, both sides of the page must be marked with the highest classification of either side. When one side contains information of a lower classification than the marking applied, a statement 11-3