such as “This page is unclassified” or “This page is Confidential” is used. When a change is being issued to an existing classified publication, the changed pages will be marked as if they were already entered into the basic publication. If any of the changes is on an interior page, it will be marked in the same way as the interior pages of the basic publication. Portion Markings Each section, part, paragraph, or subparagraph of a classified document will be marked to show its level of classification or the fact that it is unclassified. The reason for this requirement is to eliminate any doubt as to which portion of the document contains, or can reveal, information requiring protection. The appropriate symbol will be placed immediately following a portion letter or number, or in the absence of letters or numbers, immediately before the beginning of the portion. The symbols are as follows: Top Secret (TS) Secret (S) Confidential (C) For Official Use Only (FOUO) Unclassified (U) In addition to the classification symbols, the following symbols may also be used: Restricted Data (S-RD) Formerly Restricted Data (S-FRD) Critical Nuclear Weapons Design Information (S-RD) (N) When a major numbered or lettered paragraph and all of its subparagraphs are unclassified, each paragraph need not be marked. Marking the lead-in paragraph with a (U) is sufficient. The full classification—not the abbreviated form—is marked on figures, tables, graphs, charts, and so forth. The classification marking must be centered just below the illustration. Special situations may dictate the placement of the markings above or actually within the general area of the illustration. The important point is that the reader understand the classification level of that illustration. COMPROMISES AND SECURITY VIOLATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Define compromises and security violations. List some of the reasons that lead to compromises and security violations. There are two types of security violations: Those that result in a confirmed compromise or possible compromise of classified information, and those that do not but in which a security regulation has been violated. Compromise is the disclosure of classified information to a person who is not authorized access. The unauthorized disclosure may have occurred knowingly, willfully, or through negligence. The compromise of classified information presents a threat to national security. The seriousness of the threat must be determined and action taken to reduce the effects of compromise. At the same time, action must be taken to investigate the circumstances and determine the causes, to prevent recurrence. Compromise of classified material results when a security violation has resulted in confirmed or suspected exposure of classified information or material to an unauthorized person. The compromise is considered “confirmed” when conclusive evidence exists that classified material was compromised; it is considered “suspected” when some evidence exists that classified material has been subjected to compromise. Any individual in the DON who is aware of the compromise or possible compromise of classified material must report the facts immediately to the most readily available command. Individuals who are aware of possible acts of sabotage, espionage, deliberate compromise, or other subversive activities must report immediately all available information to the most readily available command, which, in turn, will notify the appropriate Naval Investigative Service office. SECURITY CLEARANCES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Explain the purpose of security clearances. List and explain the types of BI done on an individual requiring a security clearance. 11-4