CYLINDER, SPRING-RETURN--A cylinder in
CRANKSHAFT--The main rotating member or shaft
which a spring returns the piston assembly.
of the internal-combustion engine, with cranks
(throws) to which the connecting rods are attached.
CYLINDER, TANDEM--Two or more cylinders
with interconnected piston assemblies.
CYCLE--A series of events with a start and finish
during which a definite chain of events takes place.
CYLINDER, TELESCOPING--A cylinder with
In an internal-combustion engine, four piston
nested multiple tubular rod segments which
strokes (or two piston strokes on two-stroke-cycle
provide a long working stroke in a short retracted
engine) complete the working process and produce
envelope.
power.
DAMPER--A device for reducing the motion or
CYLINDER--A device that converts fluid power into
oscillations of moving parts, air, or liquid.
linear mechanical force and motion. It usually
DASH PANEL--The partition that separates the
consists of a movable element, such as a piston and
driver's compartment from the engine com-
piston rod, plunger, or ram, operating within a
partment. Sometimes called firewall.
cylindrical bore. In an engine, it is the tubular
opening in which the piston moves up and down.
DC--Direct current, or current that flows in one
direction only.
CYLINDER BLOCK--That part of an engine to
which, and in which, other engine parts and
DEAD AXLE--An axle that simply supports and does
accessories are attached or assembled.
not turn or deliver power to the wheel or rotating
member.
CYLINDER, CUSHIONED--A cylinder with a
piston-assembly deceleration device at one of both
DECELERATION--The process of slowing down;
ends of the stroke.
opposite of acceleration.
CYLINDER, DOUBLE-ACTING--A cylinder in
DEGASSER--A device used in connection with
which fluid force can be applied to the movable
carburetors for shutting off the flow of fuel during
element in either direction.
deceleration so that gases from incomplete
combustion during deceleration are prevented.
CYLINDER, DOUBLE-ROD--A cylinder with a
single piston and a piston rod extending from each
DENSITY--The weight per unit volume of a sub-
end.
stance.
CYLINDER, DUAL-STROKE--A cylinder com-
DESICCANT--A substance used to absorb and retain
bination that provides two working strokes.
moisture.
CYLINDER HEAD--The part of an engine that
DETONATION--In an internal-combustion engine,
covers the cylinder bores. It contains water jackets
excessively rapid burning of the compressed
(on liquid-cooled engines) and valves (on I-head
fuel-air mixture so that knocking results.
engines).
DIAGRAM, COMBINATION--A drawing using a
CYLINDER, PISTON--A cylinder in which the
combination of graphical, cutaway, and pictorial
movable element has a greater cross-sectional area
symbols.
than the piston rod.
DIAGRAM, CUTAWAY--A drawing showing princi-
CYLINDER, PLUNGER--A cylinder in which the
pal internal parts of all components, controls, and
movable element has the same cross-sectional area
actuating mechanisms, all interconnecting lines
as the piston rod.
and functions of individual components.
CYLINDER, SINGLE-ACTING--A cylinder in
DIAGRAM, GRAPHICAL--A drawing or drawings
which the fluid force can be applied to the movable
showing each piece of apparatus including all
element in only one direction.
interconnecting lines by approved standard sym-
bols.
CYLINDER, SINGLE-ROD--A cylinder with a pis-
ton rod extending from one end.
DIAGRAM, PICTORIAL--A drawing showing each
component in its actual shape according to the
CYLINDER SLEEVE--A pipe-shaped removable
manufacturer's installation.
insert used as the cylinder wall on some engines.
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