FILTER SEPARATOR— A filter or combination of filters designed to remove particulate matter and to coalesce entrained water. FLAMMABLE LIQUID— A liquid having a flash- point below 100°F. FLASHPOINT— The lowest temperature at which a fuel will vaporize enough to form a combustible air-vapor mixture. FLOATING-ROOF TANK— Storage tank with a roof that floats on the liquid surface and rises and falls with the liquid level. FLUSHING— Pumping fuel through a system to clean the system or component. FREE-WATER— Undissolved water contaminant in fuel. The water may be in the form of a cloud, emulsion, entrained droplets, or in gross amounts. FREEZE POINT— The temperature at which wax crystals form in fuels. FUEL-QUALITY MONITOR— Special type of filter designed to stop the flow of fuel if water or sedi- ment contamination becomes too large. GAS-FREE— Clear of any gaseous vapors. GASOLINE— A blend of light, volatile, liquid hydro- carbons used mainly as fuel for spark-ignition, in- ternal combustion engines. GPM— Abbreviation for gallons per minute. GROUND— To connect a conductor (usually a heavy gage wire) between the earth and an object to allow for the dissipation of the static charge in that object. On shore activities this is also called BONDING or EARTHING. HEADER— A. horizontal run of piping used to group the components of a system. HOT REFUELING— Aircraft refueling with one or more of the aircraft’s engines operating. HYDRANT SYSTEM— Distribution and dispensing system for aviation fuels, consisting of a series of fixed outlets or hydrants connected by piping. HYDROMETER— An instrument used for determin- ing the specific gravity of a liquid. HYDROSTATIC TEST— A test for leaks in a piping system (including hoses) using liquid under pres- sure as the test medium. INHIBITORS— Chemical compounds that reduce the rates of chemical reactions. INNAGE— Depth of liquid in a tank, measured from the liquid’s surface to the bottom of the tank. JP FUEL — Fuel used in turbine engines. LHA— Amphibious Assault Ship (general purpose). LPD— Amphibious Transport Dock. LPH— Amphibious Assault Ship. LOX— Abbreviation for liquid oxygen. LUBE OIL— Common term for lubricating oil; used to reduce friction and cool machinery. MAXIMUM— The largest allowable quantity. MICRON— A unit of length equal to one-millionth of a meter. MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS (MILSPECS)— Guides for determining the quality requirements for materials and equipment used by the military serv- ices. MINIMUM— The smallest allowable quantity. MOGAS— Common term for motor gasoline. Nz— chemical notation for nitrogen. NAVEDTRA— Naval Education and Training. NONSPARKING TOOLS— Tools made of a metal alloy that when struck against other objects, will not cause sparks of sufficient temperature to ignite fuel vapors. NON-VORTEX— An attempt by mechanical means to stop the swirling motion of a liquid. OHM— Measured unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a circuit in which a potential difference of 1 volt between two points will produce a flow current of 1 ampere. ORIFICE— A device used for narrowing the inside diameter of a pipe and restricting the flow for metering purposes. OUTAGE— See ULLAGE. PANTOGRAPH— A series of pipes, joined by flexible joints, used to connect fueling equipment to air- craft. PARTICULATE MATTER— refers to the solid parti- cles of fuel contaminants, such as dirt, grit. or rust. PICKLING— Name given to the procedure of filling a new hose with fuel and letting it stand for several days when preparing the hose for use. AI-3