harness. It may be detached to permit more freedom of movement. PARACHUTE, DROGUE—An auxiliary parachute used with any system that requires some method of deceleration or stabilization; for example, an ejection seat. PARACHUTE, FREE-TYPE—A parachute assembly, such as NS-3, that is opened by manual or automatic pulling of a ripcord. No static line is used with this type of parachute assembly. PARACHUTE, PILOT—A small, spring- operated, cloth-covered auxiliary parachute that is usually constructed on a steel wire frame and attached to the peak of the canopy. It accelerates the withdrawal of the canopy from the container. The pilot parachute is packed under tension and immediately opens when released from the container. PARACHUTE, RESERVE—A chest-type parachute attached to the harness of a training or test parachute in addition to the back type. It has no pilot parachute. It is used in case the main parachute fails to open properly or sustains such damage as to cause an unsafe rate of descent. PARACHUTE SEAT-TYPE—A free-type parachute suspended at the rear of the wearer between the hips and knees. It has an attached seat pad, together with the container, that serves as a cushion when the entire assembly is in place in the seat. PARACHUTE, TRAINING—A combina- tion of two parachute assemblies. A main, back- type parachute and reserve, chest-type parachute, with a training harness assembly designed to accommodate both parachutes. Its use is manda- tory on all premeditated student training jumps. PARACHUTE, TROOP—A parachute used by a paratrooper for a premeditated jump over a designated area. PARACHUTIST, NAVAL—A person who has successfully completed a prescribed course in parachute jump training. PARAFFIN—Wax generally used with 50-percent beeswax as a hot dip to prevent the fraying of cut ends of webbing, cord, and tape. See also BEESWAX. PARARAFT—An emergency, one-man life raft packed in a container, along with survival equipment. The pararaft is secured to the parachute pack or seat pan. PARATROOPER—A soldier trained and equipped to parachute into combat. PEAK—The top center of the parachute canopy, the point at which all vent lines cross. Also called apex or crown. PERMEABILITY—The measured amount, in cubic feet, of the flow of air through a square foot of cloth in 1 minute under a specified pressure. pH VALUE—An indication of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A reading of pH may be made by the use of test strips. PICK—A cloth filling thread, taken as a unit of fineness of cloth. PILOT PARACHUTE FRAME—Wire frame or spring used in a type of pilot parachute to initiate opening action of a parachute upon release from the container. PIN, RIPCORD LOCKING—A small steel pin attached to a ripcord and passed through a locking cone to hold a container in a closed position. PIN, SLIDE DISCONNECT—A directional fastener that connects the withdrawal line and drogue link line on MBEU parachutes not designed for use with a guillotine. One portion connects to the ejection seat and the other is a metal sleeve around the drogue link line. Depend- ing on the direction of pull, the lines will either remain attached or the slide disconnect pin will be withdrawn, and the lines will separate. PIN, TEMPORARY LOCKING—A metal pin inserted through the eye of the locking cones to hold the side flaps in place until the ripcord pin is inserted. PLATE, ANCHOR—A narrow metal plate used on MBEU parachute assemblies. It is attached to the end of the ripcord housing and has holes that fit over the container locking cones. When the ripcord pins are inserted in the locking cones, the anchor plate is held in place, thus holding the ripcord housing in position. AI-10