compound may be used to absorb the spilled fuel. Contaminated absorbent must be placed in metal con- tainers with closed lids until it can be removed and disposed of according to local hazardous-waste dis- posal procedures. An exception to this method maybe authorized if the spill occurs in an area where no operations are in progress or will be conducted until ample opportunity is provided for volatile fuels to evaporate harmlessly. In such an event, the area must be roped off. Fuels such as JP-5, which will not evaporate readily, must be removed by one of the methods indicated previously. Large Spills Spills covering an area greater than 10 feet in any dimension or more than 50 square feet in area require handling by the Spill Response Team. The team must be summoned immediately and all other personnel evacuated to a safe distance. No one will be permitted to walk through the liquid area of a fuel spill. All fuel spills must be reported immediately to the activity’s Environmental Coordinator in accordance with the local oil-spill contingency plan. All fuel-han- dling personnel must be familiar with the local oil- spill contingency plan. PRESSURE REFUELING AT DIRECT FUELING STATIONS (PITS) WITH ENGINES OFF (COLD REFUELING) Cold refueling of aircraft at fueling hydrants, di- rect refueling stations, skid mounts, and other fuel service units requires a minimum of two people. Re- quired are a nozzle operator (supplied from the squad- ron, maintenance department, or transient line) and a fuel system operator (from the fuels division), who also performs the duty of a fire extinguisher operator. Aircraft refueling tasks are to be performed in the following sequence and verified by the pit station operator. The individual who actually performs the task is indicated within parentheses following the task. 1. Recirculate (flush) the station and take fuel sample(s) for quality control checks as appropriate (sta- tion operator). Fuel is recirculated or flushed through the refueling hose and nozzle, and tested for contami- nation prior to refueling the first aircraft each day. Fueling must not begin until acceptable results have been obtained. 2. Check for “hot-brake” condition (plane cap- tain). The hot-brake check applies to fixed-wing aircraft only. 3. Tow the aircraft into the direct refueling sta- tion; position and chock it (plane captain). 4. Secure all electronic and electrical switches on the aircraft not required for fueling (plane captain). 5. Verify that fire-fighting equipment is in the immediate vicinity of the refueling operation and manned (station operator). 6. Attach the bonding cable between the refueling equipment and the aircraft (plane captain). In direct fuel systems, bonding is usually accomplished through the nozzle/hose/pantograph system. If bonding is not ac- complished via the nozzle/hose/pantograph system, the bonding connection is made using the grounding recep- tacle near the aircraft’s refueling adapter. If this is not possible, the connection must be to bare metal on the aircraft. 7. Pull out the pantograph (or reel out the hose) and place it in the proper position for refueling (nozzle operator and station operator). 8. Remove the refueling adapter cap from the aircraft and the dust cover from the pressure nozzle. Inspect the face of the nozzle to make sure it is clean, and verify that the flow-control handle is in the fully closed and locked position (nozzle operator). CAUTION A worn or broken adapter can defeat the safety interlocks of the refueling nozzle, per- mitting the poppet valve to open and fuel to spray or spill. 9. Visually inspect the aircraft’s adapter (recep- tacle) for any damage or significant wear (nozzle opera- tor). CAUTION The nozzle must seat firmly on the adapter and not be cocked. Cocking can indicate a malfunction of the nozzle’s safety interlock system, which could lead to a fuel spray or spill. 10. Lift the nozzle by the lifting handle; align the lugs with the slots on the aircraft adapter; and hookup to the aircraft by pressing the nozzle firmly onto the adapter and rotating it clockwise to a positive stop (nozzle operator). 7-14